Computer Architecture And Organisation

Computer Architecture

 And Organisation

By bigfootcode

INTRODUCTION

In this tutorial you will learn the various concept of computer architecture and organisation this will make you familiar with various aspects of computer that is how computer system works, how computer system evolved, what are the principles of computer design , memory design,  what is design of cache memory and lot lot more.

Computer organisation and architecture is basically study of the mechanism of system or how its work how it is implemented and how it is structured the whole thing to understand is how computer system is existing. How computer system is implemented by humans .

Since this computer what we see now is not similar to what it was in its past time it was not like this before, take decades to evolve this system we will understand all this in details.

For better understanding of this complex system we have to start , start from the beginning from where and when this computer system come into play and what makes requirement we feel you came with the idea of this system.

Content of tutorial:-

Part 1:-

1: Evolution of Computer Systems 

• Generations of computers .

 2: Functional block of computer 

• CPU, memory, input- output subsystems , control unit.

3: Instruction Set Architecture of CPU

• registers, instruction execution cycle, RTL interpretation of instructions,  addressing modes ,instruction set .

4: Case study

• Instruction set of some common CPUs .

5: Data representation 

• Signed number representation, fixed and floating point representation , character representation.

6: Computer arithmetic

•  Integer addition and subtraction, ripple carry adder, carry look ahead adder, etc. ,multiplication shift and add, booth multiplier ,carry save multiplier, etc. , sector division restoring and non restoring techniques, floating point arithmetic.

Part 2:-

1: Computer control unit design

• hardware and microprogrammed design approaches.

 2: Case study 

• design of simple hypothetical CPU

3: Memory system design 

• semiconductor memory technology, memory organisation.

4: Peripheral devices and their characteristic 

• Input output
• subsystem, I/O device interface,
•  I/O transfer program controlled ,
• interrupt driven and DMA , privileged and non privileged instruction ,
• software interrupts and expectations.

5: Program and processes

• role of interrupt in process state transition, IO device interface -SCII USB

Part 3:-

1: Pipelining 

• basic concept of pipelining, throughput and speedup ,pipeline hazards .

2:  Parallel processes

• Introduction to parallel processor ,concurrent access to memory and cache coherency, RISC and CISC, superscalar processor.

Part 4:-

1: Memory organisation

• memory interleaving ,concept of hierarchical memory organisation, cache memory, cache size vs block size , mapping functions ,replacement algorithms ,write policies.