Generations of the computer system - Bigfootcode

Generations of the computer system

Introduction

From 1937 there start a new era ,new generation of computer begins  computer devlop so fast and become such a success that now we cannot think our life without computer system , with time its size also varies a lot now everyone have small computer system in our hand yeah your phone i am talking about.

Not only the size but also it features increase a lot before computers was not made for sending image , emails or for playing games  it wasbefore time the idea of computer was only  to make large computing number fast and easy means only for the computational business but now computer in itself  became an business.

Its uses are not hidden from you, we all aware of it and using it too.

So lets now understand how computer devlop from 1937 to till now and what would be its future.

 

Generations of computers

Q)what are the generations of computer system ?

Q) First generation of computer systems ?

First generation of Computer (1937 – 1959):

 In  1937  the we got the first  electronic  digital  computer ,and was  built  by  Dr.  John  V. Atanasoff  and  Clifford  Berry and so it was called Atanasoff-Berry computer ,ABC in short.

But it was not general purpose computer it can only perform or solve linear equations and it was just a prototype and so was not much reliable.

 During World war II to work is going on on general purpose computer also known as ENAIC,  an general purpose electronic  computer. Work on ENAIC was finished in 1945

 Its was built  for the military and used for its . 

Mighty wondering of the full form of ENAIC

Its stands for Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator (ENIAC).

Fact:- ENAIC was used to develop hydrogen bomb, means calculation regarding its was done on ENAIC.

Let's give a look at the characteristic now:-

• It used punch card has input output and vacuum tube as storage.
• It is used machine language as a programming language.

In spite of its feature it have many drawbacks.

Drawbacks:-

• Since vacuum tube was used so it generates lot of heat.
• Failure of anyone of vacuum to lead to an error in calculation.
• Unreliable
• Handsome used machine language as a programming language which was hard to understand by human.
• Since a lot of vacuum to was used it takes quite large space to setup that computer and hence not portable.

Facts:- ENIAC  built  at  the Moore School for Engineering of the University Pennsylvania,

When it was first turn on its dim the light of that area.

• Mark I developed by Aiken in 1944. 
• Electronic  Discrete  Variable  Automatic  Computer  (EDVAC)  also developed in 1947 by Eckert and Mauchley. 
• UNIVAC
• IBM-701
• IBM-650

Q) Second generation of computer systems ?

 Second Generation of Computer (1959  – 1965): 

In second generation major change come into computer systems instead of using vacuum tube we start using transistor in place of them,

Since vacuum was not reliable, and consumer lot energy and space to setup ,this drawback was understand by inventors removed in this generation.

Second generation computer

Let's now see what are the characteristic of this generation computers system:-

• We starts using transistor instead of vacuum tube.
• Transistor was more reliable than vacuum tube.
• Transistor not like vacuum to generate lot heat.
• Setup wars easy compatible to first generation computer and also its take less space.
• It was fast then vacuum tube.
• Support machine language like FORTRAN, COBOL.

Since of this great characteristic and features it also so have many drawbacks:-

• It was still costlier use as personal computer.
• It also required cooling support system as required in vacuum tube computer systems.
• Use for specific purpose.
• Large production was not easy.

Facts:- The  use  of  keyboard  as  an  input  device  was  also introduced in second generation.

• Leprechaun, IBM built by Bell Laboratories in 1947 
• Transis produced by philco, GE and RCA. 
• UNIVAC 1107 ,UNIVAC III UNIVAC 1108
• IBM 1620 , IBM 7094 
• CDC 1604 , CDC 3600 

 Q) Third generation of computer systems ?

Third Generation of Computer (1965-1971): 

Third generation bring a remarkable change in computer system, its revolutionary invention  of  integrated  circuit (IC)  brought  us  the  third  generation  of computers , this IC was a major  reason for the change. 

With the invention of integrated circuit computer system production increase at high pace IC was small piece of circuit embedded in a computer system that was in exchange with the vacuum tube.

Q) what is IC ?

Ans)An integrated circuit or monolithic integrated circuit is a set of electronic circuits on one small flat piece of semiconductor material that is normally silicon.

Now new computer system used  large-scale integrated  circuits, which  were used  for both data processing and storage.

With that now jump onto the characteristics:-

Q) what are characteristics of third generation?

• IC was very small and take less space and maintenance.
• Do not generate large heat.
• Cooling supporting system was not.
• Due to its small size it is portable and easy to to transport.
• IC was used as both data processing and storage.
• Now keyboard and mouse was used for input.
• Many high level computer programming language was developed and used like FORTRAN IV, COBOL, PASCAL PL/1, BASIC, ALGOL-68 and many more.

Now look at some drawbacks:-

• Due to small size of IC it was hard to maintain.
• This technology was new and highly sophisticated for use.

Q) who invented IC? 

Fact:- IC was invented by Jack Kilby.

• Burroughs 6700
• Mini computers 
• Honeywell 200 
• IBM system 360 
• UNIVAC 9000 series. 

Q) Fourth generation of computer systems ?

Fourth Generation of Computer (PC 1971 – Current)   

As the time passes technology development , at very high pace firstly it was created to support high calculation and more sophisticated works but it with the advancement in technology it take another turn , the general purpose computer demand increases and with the production of it now most of us have them in our home schools colleges. And used for various purposes live gaming chatting social media and a lot of new features came. 

Our ancestor idea of creating a machine come to a great advantage but as technology increases many e people also use it for their in motives. As good come with bad.

At this time of technological development, the size of computer was re-divided to what we called Personal Computers, PC. This was the time the first Microprocessor  was  created  by  Intel. The  microprocessor was  a  very  large-scale, that is, VLS integrated circuit which contained thousands of transistors. 

 15  Transistors  on  one  chip  were  capable  performing  all  the  functions  of  a computer’s central processing unit. 

Look at the Characteristics: 

Q) what are characteristics of fourth generation?

• Now a microprocessor can do multiple task at the same time.
• Maintenance cost decrease at very high rate.
• Increase in speed multiply many times from previous systems.
• Now it available to public.
• Cost decreases
• Size also decreased a lot.

Very large scale (VLS) integrated circuits were used now they have millions of circuits per cubic foot.

• IBM system 3090
•  IBM RISC6000
• IBM RT 
• ILLIACI  
•  Cray 2 XMP
•  HP 9000
•  Apple Computers.
• Intel ,Amd processors

Q) Fifth generation of computer systems ?

 Fifth Generation of Computers (Present and Beyond)  

 Fifth generation computer are are based on AI and artificial intelligence which can perform work at their own without any instruction and speed of it it will be lot lot more than the what we have now in our computer systems it can perform different works like answer to human voice use human voice for command and with much more development it can also perform other works which human perform with his hands.

Q) What is artificial intelligence (AI)?

Ans)  In computer science, artificial intelligence (AI), sometimes called machine intelligence, is intelligence demonstrated by machines, unlike the natural intelligence displayed by humans and animals.

This generation is beyond imagination scientists are still researching on it and it has a great future.

We see many of these artificial intelligence in movies but that it is just a small things scientist are expecting much much more.

<<Back                       next>>